Resource: Censorship

Print Background Essay

By the early 21st century, satellite television had entered into the mix of programming available to viewers in the Arab world, and globally. Programs offered on satellite television are often independently produced and, like Kalam Nawaem, or "Sweet Talk," may strive to show perspectives that cross country borders and appeal to a transnational audience.

Prior to 1990, television viewers in the Arab world had to rely upon the state for their programming options. There were not many channels available, and what was available was subject to government oversight. Since 1990, however, satellite TV has emerged as a popular alternative to standard broadcast stations. Currently, there are more than 200 satellite channels available, many of which confront formerly taboo topics such as sex education, homosexuality, domestic abuse, and gender inequality. The dramatic growth in independent journalism has led to live reporting, news analysis, political debates, and talk shows.

MBC was the first independent Arabic satellite television station, and it serves more than 130 million people around the world. One of its most popular shows is Kalam Nawaem, an all-female talk show. (Kalam Nawaem translates to English as Soft Talk, or Sweet Talk.) There are four hostesses who come from different backgrounds, and their goal is to discuss both new and frequent issues in the Arab world.

There are two parts to Kalam Nawaem. First, there is the celebrity feature, a portion of the show where there is an appearance by a celebrity guest. An informal conversation with the guest is followed by questions from the audience. Second, and perhaps more importantly, there is the lively discussion of controversial issues. The hostesses - Lebanese Rania Barghoot, Palestinian Farah Bseiso, Egyptian Dr. Fawziah Salamah, and Saudi Muna Abu Suleiman - hope that bringing these issues to light will create a dialogue about finding solutions that all people will accept and support.

In the episode entitled "Dishing Democracy," Wide Angle goes behind the scenes at Kalam Nawaem to discover how these four hostesses are boldly and effectively encouraging social reform within the Arab world.

Print Questions for Discussion

• Define censorship. What do the producers of Kalam Nawaem mean by "self-censorship"?
• What kinds of topics and points of view do the producers mention as being sensitive? What strategies do they use to make sure the show meets the approval of MBC's content committee?
• Satellite television is a relative newcomer to the media scene. What kinds of impact might this new technology have on traditional relationships between governments, media companies, viewers, and audiences?