People and Communities

Leaders and Organizers

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Civil Rights

RESOURCE	GRADE LEVEL	MEDIA TYPE
Bayard Rustin This transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize documents the leadership strategies of March on Washington organizer Bayard Rustin.	9-12	Document
Bayard Rustin: A Freedom Budget, Part 1 This audio excerpt captures the beginning of Bayard Rustin's 1967 "Freedom Budget" speech, describing the social and economic impact of racism over time.	9-12	Audio
Bayard Rustin: A Freedom Budget, Part 2 This audio excerpt from Bayard Rustin's 1967 "Freedom Budget" speech outlines a nine-year plan to end poverty in America.	9-12	Audio
Brown: A Landmark Case This video segment describes the players and events of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision and how it galvanized the Civil Rights movement as well as white resistance.	6-12	Video
Burke Marshall Assistant Attorney General Burke Marshall, in this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, remembers mediating the 1962 desegregation of the University of Mississippi.	9-12	Document
The Civil Rights Movement in America, 1945-1975 This interactive timeline provides a chronological and geographic view of the events of the Civil Rights era and its aftermath.	K-12	Interactive
Colonel Stone Johnson In this oral history from the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, Colonel Stone Johnson describes how civil rights activists were physically attacked for their work.	6-12	Video
A Country Preacher: Rev. De Laine In this video segment produced for the Levine Museum of the New South, the Reverend Joseph De Laine's son and daughter describe his role in the first public school desegregation lawsuit.	3-12	Video
Diane Nash and the Sit-Ins Diane Nash was a college student when she started leading sit-in demonstrations to protest discrimination. In this interview, recorded for Eyes on the Prize, Nash describes her role in the Civil Rights movement.	6-12	Video
Eileen Kelley Walbert Eileen Walbert was among the Concerned White Citizens of Alabama who took a stand for civil rights, as she describes in this oral history from the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.	6-12	Video
Environmental Justice in Dallas Follow a Dallas community's fight to receive federal Superfund status to clean up the damage from a high-polluting lead smelter, in this video segment adapted from Earthkeeping: "Toxic Racism."	6-12	Video
Excerpts from the March on Washington, Part 1 This audio compilation, recorded live at the 1963 March on Washington, captures the voices of several civil rights leaders.	6-12	Audio
Excerpts from the March on Washington, Part 2 This audio compilation, recorded live at the 1963 March on Washington, pays tribute to the women -- both leaders and widows of slain leaders -- of the Civil Rights movement.	6-12	Audio
Excerpts from the March on Washington, Part 3 Recorded live at the 1963 March on Washington, this audio segment captures the voice of SNCC leader John Lewis.	6-12	Audio
The Exchange Student This video segment from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" describes the experience of Jim Zwerg, a white college student who was among the Freedom Riders seeking to end illegal discrimination against African Americans during the civil rights era.	6-12	Video
Fannie Lou Hamer This video segment profiles the life and leadership of Fannie Lou Hamer, a civil rights activist best known for her stirring testimony at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.	6-12	Video
Freedom Riders Challenge Segregation This video segment adapted from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" describes how a group of black and white Americans planned to challenge illegal racial segregation by riding buses across Southern states.	6-12	Video
Freedom Riders Create Change This video segment adapted from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" highlights the impact of the 1961 Freedom Rides on the efforts to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States.	6-12	Video
Fresh Troops This video segment from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" describes how the Nashville student movement trained future Freedom Riders in nonviolence, and why these students were so essential in sustaining the Freedom Rides.	6-12	Video
The Governor This video segment adapted from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" describes Alabama Governor John Patterson's refusal to ensure the safety of the Freedom Riders, despite the efforts of President Kennedy and other federal officials.	6-12	Video
Harry Briggs, Sr. and Eliza Briggs In this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, Harry and Eliza Briggs describe their experience in the first school desegregation case, Briggs v. Elliott.	6-12	Document
Brown Reactions: Black Educators This 1954 statement, issued by a group of black educators, strongly endorses the Supreme Court's Brown ruling.	6-12	Document
Ike and Little Rock This video segment, adapted from American Experience: "Ike", profiles the president's controversial response to the Little Rock school desegregation crisis in 1957.	6-12	Video
Mendez v. Westminster: Desegregating California's Schools Sylvia Mendez recalls the conditions that led Mexican Americans to sue for desegregation in the 1940s in this segment from Mendez vs. Westminster: Para Todos los Niños/For All the Children, from KOCE-TV.	3-12	Video
Implementing Brown Point/counterpoint commentary on the president's actions after the Brown ruling; from American Experience: "Eisenhower."	6-12	Video
The Inspiration This video segment from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" describes the influence of India's Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent tactics on the struggle to end illegal discrimination against African Americans in the United States.	6-12	Video
James Farmer and the Freedom Rides In this video interview, recorded for Eyes on the Prize, Freedom Ride organizer James Farmer describes the interracial bus rides through the South that tested desegregation and sparked white resistance.	6-12	Video
Jim Zwerg In this interview transcript from People's Century, northern civil rights activist and Freedom Rider Jim Zwerg describes his experiences.	6-12	Document
Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael) In this transcript of an interview recorded for Eyes on the Prize, Stokely Carmichael describes SNCC organizing campaigns and his views on "Black Power."	9-12	Document
Little Rock Nine This collection of photos shows scenes from the controversial desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957.	6-12	Image
Lola Hendricks In this oral history from the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, Lola Hendricks describes her work behind the scenes to advance the Civil Rights movement.	6-12	Video
Malcolm X: Black Nationalism In this archival news footage, civil rights leader Malcolm X describes the political, economic, and social aspects of black nationalism.	9-12	Video
Malcolm X: Regarding Whiteness In this interview, taken from archival news footage, civil rights leader Malcolm X describes the impact of his 1964 pilgrimage to Mecca on his racial views.	6-8	Video
March on Washington Flyers These 1963 flyers announce the speakers and issues for the March on Washington; from the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.	3-12	Document
Melba Pattillo Beals Melba Patillo Beals was one of nine black students who desegregated Little Rock's Central High School in 1957. In this interview, recorded for Eyes on the Prize, Beals describes her tumultuous experience.	9-12	Video
Reconsidering Brown In the video segments presented in this activity, leading historians and legal scholars reflect on the promise of the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, and why it remains unfulfilled.	9-12	Student Activity
Re-Examining Brown This lesson explores the historical complexity of the struggle to desegregate schools, the geographic scope of racism, conditions that prompted activism and litigation, and how laws have changed over time.	9-12	Lesson Plan
Rev. C. T. Vivian In this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, the Reverend C. T. Vivian remembers his leadership role in the Civil Rights Movement and the risks civil rights activists took in challenging segregation.	6-12	Document
Rev. Frank Dukes: Selective Buying Campaign In this oral history from the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, Frank Dukes describes his role in the 1962 boycott of discriminatory stores and businesses.	6-12	Video
Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth This oral history transcript from the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute documents the tumultuous life and leadership of the Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth, who survived a bomb attack that destroyed his home.	6-12	Document
The Road to Brown This video segment looks at the history of the NAACP's efforts to convince the Supreme Court that segregated schools were unconstitutional, leading up to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education cases.	9-12	Video
Robert Moses In this video segment, recorded for Eyes on the Prize, activist Robert Moses talks about the Mississippi voting rights campaign.	9-12	Video
Rosa Parks In this interview, recorded for Eyes on the Prize, legendary civil rights activist Rosa Parks recalls her role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.	3-12	Video
Simple Justice 1: A Handful of Lawyers This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" profiles Charles Houston's strategy for attacking segregation and how he trained the legal team that eventually argued the Brown case.	6-12	Video
Simple Justice 3: The Trial Begins This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" captures the legal issues and opening arguments in Brown v. Board of Education.	6-12	Video
Simple Justice 4: Arguing the Fourteenth Amendment This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" explores the issue at the heart of Brown v. Board of Education: whether the Fourteenth Amendment applied to segregated schools.	6-12	Video
Simple Justice 5: Marshall's Closing Statement This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" reenacts Thurgood Marshall's closing statement in Brown v. Board of Education.	6-12	Video
Simple Justice 6: Justice Warren Reads the Decision This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" explores the dynamics and arguments among the Supreme Court justices who ruled in Brown v. Board of Education.	6-12	Video
Sonia Sanchez: "Malcolm" In this video segment, poet Sonia Sanchez recites her poem "Malcolm," as a eulogy to the slain civil rights leader, Malcolm X. Recorded for Eyes on the Prize.	9-12	Video
Sonia Sanchez: Meeting Malcolm X In this video segment, recorded for Eyes on the Prize, poet Sonia Sanchez recalls the pivotal moment when she first heard civil rights leader Malcolm X speak.	9-12	Video
Sonia Sanchez: The Meaning of Malcolm X Poet Sonia Sanchez, interviewed here for Eyes on the Prize, describes what the outspoken civil rights leader Malcolm X represented to African Americans in the 1960s.	9-12	Video
The Student Leader This video segment from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" profiles one of the African American student leaders who employed nonviolent direct action in the early 1960s to challenge illegal racial segregation both on her own college campus and nationally.	6-12	Video
The Tactic This video segment adapted from American Experience: "Freedom Riders" describes the adoption of nonviolent direct action as the critical tactic in challenging illegal racial segregation in the Southern United States in the early 1960s.	6-12	Video
Vanessa Venable In this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, Vanessa Venable describes the impact of school closings in Prince Edward County, Virginia from 1959-1964.	6-12	Document