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Tactics for Justice: Legal Strategies

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Resource	Grade Level	Media Type
Bayard Rustin: A Freedom Budget, Part 2 This audio excerpt from Bayard Rustin's 1967 "Freedom Budget" speech outlines a nine-year plan to end poverty in America.	9-12	QuickTime Audio
Brown: A Landmark Case This video segment describes the players and events of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision and how it galvanized the Civil Rights movement as well as white resistance.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Burke Marshall Assistant Attorney General Burke Marshall, in this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, remembers mediating the 1962 desegregation of the University of Mississippi.	9-12	PDF Document
The Civil Rights Movement in America, 1945-1975 This interactive timeline provides a chronological and geographic view of the events of the Civil Rights era and its aftermath.	K-12	Flash Interactive
Constance Baker Motley In this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, Justice Constance Baker Motley recalls her role as an NAACP attorney in landmark school desegregation cases.	9-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 1: The Fourteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment established the equal protection clause, later used in key desegregation cases.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 2: Plessy v. Ferguson The Supreme Court's 1896 ruling legalized the "separate but equal" doctrine that sanctioned segregation.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 3: Gong Lum v. Rice The Supreme Court's 1927 opinion in Gong Lum v. Rice affirmed legalized school segregation.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 4: Mendez v. Westminster This 1946 federal court ruling marked a victory for Mexican Americans and chipped away at the "separate but equal" doctrine, declaring segregated schools based on national origin unconstitutional.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 5: Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 The Supreme Court's landmark opinion overturned its earlier ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson and declared segregated schools unconstitutional.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 6: Brown v. Board of Education, 1955 The Supreme Court's opinion in Brown II reflects the struggle between federal and state governments on how and when school desegregation would occur.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown 7: Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped enforce the Brown ruling, a decade later.	6-12	PDF Document
Documenting Brown: Collected Excerpts This collection of excerpts from legislation and court decisions documents key phases of the legal struggle to gain and implement equal education.	6-12	PDF Document
Harry Briggs, Sr. and Eliza Briggs In this transcript of an interview for Eyes on the Prize, Harry and Eliza Briggs describe their experience in the first school desegregation case, Briggs v. Elliott.	6-12	PDF Document
Mendez v. Westminster: Desegregating California's Schools Sylvia Mendez recalls the conditions that led Mexican Americans to sue for desegregation in the 1940s in this segment from Mendez vs. Westminster: Para Todos los Niños/For All the Children, from KOCE-TV.	3-12	QuickTime Video
Implementing Brown Point/counterpoint commentary on the president's actions after the Brown ruling; from American Experience: "Eisenhower."	6-12	QuickTime Video
The Road to Brown This video segment looks at history of the NAACP's efforts to convince the Supreme Court that segregated schools were unconstitutional, leading up to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education cases.	9-12	QuickTime Video
Simple Justice 1: A Handful of Lawyers This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" profiles Charles Houston's strategy for attacking segregation and how he trained the legal team that eventually argued the Brown case.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Simple Justice 2: Social Science Evidence This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" documents Dr. Kenneth Clark's "doll test," which became important social science evidence in the Brown case.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Simple Justice 3: The Trial Begins This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" captures the legal issues and opening arguments in Brown v. Board of Education.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Simple Justice 4: Arguing the Fourteenth Amendment This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" explores the issue at the heart of Brown v. Board of Education: whether the Fourteenth Amendment applied to segregated schools.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Simple Justice 5: Marshall's Closing Statement This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" reenacts Thurgood Marshall's closing statement in Brown v. Board of Education.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Simple Justice 6: Justice Warren Reads the Decision This segment from American Experience: "Simple Justice" explores the dynamics and arguments among the Supreme Court justices who ruled in Brown v. Board of Education.	6-12	QuickTime Video
Strategies for an Equal Education Students examine the inequality in education faced by African Americans in the 20th century. They review the Fourteenth Amendment, identify and examine strategies used to overcome discrimination, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each.	6-12	Lesson Plan